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- BGEN -- An Experiment: Automatic Generation of Extension Modules
- ================================================================
-
- This directory contains BGEN -- a package that helps in generating
- complete source code for Python extension module. It currently also
- contains a set of examples that were generated with BGEN. These
- examples are mostly interfaces to a number of important managers in
- the Macintosh toolbox.
-
-
- Overview of Subdirectories
- --------------------------
-
- Main subdirectories:
-
- bgen the code generator package
-
- Example subdirectories:
-
- ae AppleEvents
- ctl Controls
- cm Component manager
- dlg Dialogs
- evt Events
- menu Menus
- list Lists
- qd QuickDraw
- qt QuickTime
- res Resources
- snd Sound
- win Windows
-
-
- Contents of Subdirectories
- --------------------------
-
- The contents of each example subdirectory is similar (<Foobar> is
- for instance AppleEvents, while <foo> is ae):
-
- <foo>scan.py Scan the <Foobar>.h header, generating <foo>gen.py
- <foo>gen.py Output of <foo>scan.py, input for <foo>support.py
- <foo>edit.py Manually written complement of <foo>gen.py, sometimes
- <foo>support.py Generate <Foo>module.c from <foo>gen.py and <foo>edit.py
- <Foo>module.c The interface module, ready to be compiled
- <Foobar>.py Symbolic constants extracted from <Foobar.h>
-
-
- Tests and Examples
- ------------------
-
- Other files in these subdirectories are usually examples using the
- extension. If there's a file t<foo>.py, it usually is a really
- boring test program.
-
- Some test programs contain pathnames that should be edited before
- trying them.
-
- Some of the less boring tests and examples:
-
- At the top level:
-
- test.py Application mainloop, uses most Mac extensions
-
- In ae:
-
- aetools.py Conversions between AE and Python data type
- echo.py Dummy AE server, echoes all data back
- tell.py Primitive AE client
- aete.py Decode 'aete' and 'aeut' resources (incomplete)
- gensuitemodule.py
- Read aete/aeut resources and turn them into python
- modules. The *_Suite.py modules have been generated
- with this.
- AEservertest.py A simple AE server, similar to echo but different.
-
- In cm:
- cmtest.py List all components in the system plus some info on them
-
- In qt:
- MovieInWindow.py Play a movie in a fixed-sized window, stop on mouse-press
- VerySimplePlayer.py Play a movie with the standard quicktime controller.
-
- In res:
-
- listres.py List *all* resources in current and in all res files
- copyres.py Copy a resource file
- mkerrstrres.py Read "errors.txt" and create a set of "Estr" resources
-
- In snd:
-
- playaiff.py Play an AIFF file
- morse.py Turn text into Morse code
- audiodev.py The standard audiodev.py extended with Mac support
- Audio_mac.py The Mac support for audiodev.py
-
-
- Creating new Macintosh interfaces
- ---------------------------------
-
- These instructions were written up by Jack while he was building the
- interface to Lists.h, the macintosh list manager. they may or may not
- have a more global scope than exactly that.
-
- First, start by copying ...scan.py and ...support.py from another,
- preferrably similar type. I started with evt, but that was a mistake
- since evt has no "own" object. Ctl or Dlg would probably have been a
- better idea.
-
- Now, the first thing to do is to comment out the blacklisted types and
- functions and the transformation rules for arguments, we'll fill those
- in lateron. Also, change the various definitions at the top, so that
- the right include file is parsed, and the .py files are generated with
- the correct name. If your manager has a type that will be implemented
- as a python object you may as well now change the destination() method
- to recognize that. (List was funny in this respect, since it has the
- list as the last argument in stead of the first).
-
- Now run your scanner. This will probably go fine until it tries to
- execute the generated code in the ...gen.py module. Look at that file,
- it will have formalized "definitions" of all the functions and methods
- that will be generated. Look at them all (with the documentation of the
- manager you're implementing in hand). Now you'll have to fix the
- blacklists and the repair instructions. This is sort of a black art,
- but a few guidelines may be handy here:
- - If there are argument types you cannot implement (or want to leave for
- the moment) put them in blacklisttypes. Complex structures come to
- mind, or routine pointers/UPP's. You will probably also want to
- blacklist the routine that disposes of your object (since you'll do
- that in the python destruction routine).
- - Various types of buffers are available in bgenBuffer, bgenHeapBuffer
- and macsupport in the bgen directory. These'll let you handle all
- sorts of input and output parameters. You can put instructions in the
- repair list to let the C-arguments be handled by the correct type
- of buffer. Check the other bgen-generated modules for using this for
- passing raw structures and input and output buffers.
- - It appears that the parser usually guesses correctly whether a parameter
- is meant for input or output. But, check the routines to be sure.
- - Some types are pretty hard to handle but you need the functionality
- the a routine that uses them anyway. Various routines expecting ProcPtrs
- or RegionHandles come to mind. Often, you can use the FakeType class
- to provide a sensible default (i.e. NULL or a pointer to a routine you
- coded in C, or a region specifying "the whole window"). This way, python
- programmers won't get the full functionality but at least they'll get the
- common case. You put the FakeType stuff in ...support.py.
-
- Next you'll probably have to write the code to implement your object.
- This will probably be a subclass of GlobalObjectDefinition. This goes
- into ...support.py. Also, some types used by the manager may look
- enough like standard types that you can equate them here (there are a
- lot of 2-integer structures that look remarkably like a Point, for
- instance).
-
- You'll also have to define the Function() and Method() classes. The
- OSErrFunctionGenerator and its method-counterpart are particularly
- handy for a lot of mac managers.
-
- Finally, you'll have to try and compile your resulting C-source, and go
- through the steps above until it works. For tlist.py, the test program
- for list, I started with the application framework. This is probably a
- good idea for any manager that does something to the display, since
- ApplicationFramework takes care of all the intricacies of event
- handling and decoding (up to a point).
-
-